Pipes, tubes and knee bends

Pipes, tubes and knee bends Had to do a lot of thinking when I was asked to draw some pipes with bends for a client a couple of months ago, and found out that i never done this before in my hole career as a designer, so back to the drawing board to come up with something totaly new to me, this is the result!
You can make pipes in Steel, Chrome, Copper and Brass or Gold! In this tutorial wee'll start with a very simple Aluminum fill. When you master the tecnique, it's easy to use any material you like. First draw the basic shape of the pipe (See Fig. 1 to the right), round the end caps if you need to, fill with some shades of gray and white, and make up your mind at this stage from where you want the light to come from, standard is from top left, but this is your drawing, so I won't have to tell you where to place your light source, I'll leave that to you. Now comes the trick to end the pipe in either round ends or sawn of tupes. See below. Draw an oblong ellipse, copy the fill from the pipe, reverse fill by adding 180o to whatever angle you have in the Fountain Fill dialog (F11), add a gray outline. Place on top of pipe, now hang back your hack-saw and save your work. Now for nice rounded ends on the pipe, draw two perfect circles, fill one with dark gray (like 70% black) and one with white, add linear transparency from the outside in, and place ower the ends of the pipe. Do you like it so far?	Fig. 1 Fountain Fill dialog (F11) Angle 90o Use your imagination on how to use these tubes.
Now comes the funny part. To make a knee bend, you'll first need a perfect doughnut shape, draw two circles, center and Combine (Ctrl+L) like in Fig. 2 to the right. Apply a Radial Fountain Fill something like the example shown to the right of Fig. 2 After filling it, you'll need to trim the ring, start by drawing two help lines, center them by selecting the ring and the lines at the same time, press E and then C and it will now be perfectly lined up, now draw a rectangle to trim away 3/4 of the circle.	Fig. 2 and the fill dialog Fig.3 and the Shape Tool
Total disaster! Not at all, we'll fix that in five seconds, select the shape (Fig. 4), open the Fountain Fill dialog again and type -50 in both Horizontal and Vertical Center offset (Marked in red), and you are back on track. (Fig. 5) Now start to connect all the parts and construct some pipe installations, have fun.	Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Alter Horizontal and Vertical values and the bend looks pefect again.

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